Fluid-pressure engine.



No. 7|2,eo|. Patented Nov. '4, I902.

E. s. sAyAeE. FLUID PRESSURE ENGlNE.

(Applicatibn filed Feb. 7, 1902.) (In Model.) ZSheets-Sheet l.

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N0,'7l2,60l. Patented Nov. 4, I902.

E. S. SAVAGE.

FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

. (Application filed Feb. 7. 190:1. (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

UN TED TATES PATENT OF IGE.

f EDWARD s. "SAV GE, on NEW YORK, .N. Y.

FLUlD-P RESSU RE ENGlNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 712,601, dated November4, 1902. Application filed February 7, 1902. Serial No. 9Z 973. (Nomodel.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD S. SAVAGE, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State ofNew York, have in venteda certain new and useful Improvement in Fluid-Pressnre Engines, of which the followingis a specification.

The present invention relates more particularly to fluid-pressureengines, and has for its main object the automatic control of the inletand exhaustby simple means.

Another object is to quickly cutoff and turn on the pressure by whichthe engine is operated.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the subjoineddescription of the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings,and hereinafter more particularly described.

- To these ends the invention consists of features of construction,devices, arrangements, and combinations of devices hereinafterdescribed, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Several forms of the invention are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof, in which- Figure 1 is a View, partly inside elevation and partly in section, of one embodiment of theinvention. Fig. 2 is a view from underneath of the inlet and exhaust forthe form shown in Fig. 1. Fig. .2 is a detail'view of the compressorsshown in ,Fig. 1. view similar to Fig. 1 of another embodiment of theinvention. Fig. 4 is a view from underneath of the inlet and exhaust forthe form shown in Fig. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of stillanother embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 6 is a view fromunderneath of the inlet and exhaust of the form shown in Fig. 5.

Upon a body or frame 1 of suitable material and conformable to theparticular purpose in view I arrange one or more expansion-chambers 20fa form and construction suited to the particular object in view. Thus inthe case of the mechanical toy in connection. with which I have electedto illustrate my invention the body 1 may be formed of cardboard orsheet metal and is provided with a flat top and depending side flanges,and the expansion-chambers 2 may be formed of kid, soft rubber, or othersuitable material, care being taken when extensible material is used toso confine it that power is not wasted in stretching it in anydirection. It would be no departure from this invention, however, topermit such undesirable stretching. In other applications of the presentinvention the expansion-chamber may be made of appropriate material andform -that is, I have here elected to show an expansion-chamber of anature such that no piston is deeded, the end of the chamberconstituting the piston in effect.

Fulcru med at 3 is a lever at, with one arm of which theexpansion-chamber is suitably connected, Fig. 5, or with which theexpansion-chambers are suitably connected at opposite sides thereof,Figs. 1 and 3. In the mechanical toy illustrated the lever 4 comprisestwo similar parts, which are united by a cross-bar 5 to form one rigidstructure and the lower ends of which form the legs of the animal or thelike.

The inlet and exhaust for the chamber 2 maybe formed in any Way suitableto the particular case in hand. Thus in the case illustrated in thedrawings the inlet and exhaust are formed from strips of sheet-rubber.

cemented together to form inlet 6 and exhaust 7, there being an openingat 8 through thetop of the body 1 for the admission of the fluidsupplying the pressure and an opening in the soft rubber at 9 for theescape of the fluid on the exhaust. 24.- represents metal platesarranged to keep the exhaustpermanently open at the chambers 2. i

The means used to open and close the inlet and exhaust vary with theparticular cases; butin the case shown the inlet and exhaust are closedand opened by compressors, which act upon the compressible walls of thepassages. It will be understood, of course, that this compressibilityneed only exist at the particular places where the compressors are toact. In the cases shown the compressors 10 are in the form of ribs on asheet-metal plate, which is bent or cut away to avoid closing the inletand exhaust at undesired times and which is extended beyond the saidribs in order to form stops by striking some part of the body 1. Thecompressors lOmay have the same axis of motion as the lever 4, or theymay be loosely held in place .by pins 11, which extend downward from thebody 1 and pass loosely through holes in ears at the ends of the platefrom which the compressors are formed.

The compressors are actuated at the desired times by means of a toggledevice, having one member 12 thereof rigidly attached to the plate fromwhich the compressors 10 are formed and the other member 13 thereof inthe shape of a spring whose ends engage with holes 14 in extensions onthe pair of levers 4 and whose central part engages with a notch 15 inthe member 12. The fulcrum 3 or the other axis of motion thereabout ofthe compressors, the holes 14, and the notch 15 are so arranged that theto-and-fro motion of the lever 4 carries the holes to each side of thelinejoining the axis of motion of the compressors and the notch 15,whereupon the spring member of the toggle quickly throws or tumbles thecompressors. While I have shown a particular form of the spring-toggle,a particular form of means for controlling the inlet and exhaust, and aparticular lever for operating the toggle, it is to be understood thatthe combination may be embodied in other specific forms of the elementsthereof. Thus what is known as a spring-rod may replace the spring 13shown, the rod passing through an eye on the lever and the springabutting on said eye andagainst a stop on the rod.

When the pins 11 are used to retain the compressors 10 in place and toform centers of motion therefor, (said motion being in a plane parallelto said pins,) the member 12 is cut away to clear the rod 3.

The motion communicated tothelever4may beusedforavarietyofusefulpurposes. In the cases illustrated in the drawingsthis motion is utilized for the purpose of communicating a progressiveforward motion to the toy in a step-by-step manner, there being a pairof levers or legs 16, pivoted to the body 1 at 17 at what is the forepart of the animal shown, said levers 16 being connected by across-bar18, so as to move together. It is preferred in the cases illustrated inFigs. 1 and 3 that the expansion-chambers should act on but one pair oflevers or legs, the pair 4 being selected by preference for thispurpose, wherefore the pairs of levers are connected by a link or rod 19in such wise that the pairs 4 and 16 move in reverse directions. Bypointing the rear corners of these legs where they rest on the floor(carpet) the animal is made to walk forward, squealing at every step. Inthe case shown in Fig. 5 there is but one expansionchamber 2 foractuating the pairs of levers 4 and 16, said chamber moving them each inin its own direction, while a spring 20, which is loosely coiled aboutthe pin or rod 17 and which bears at its ends underneath the body and anextension 21 of levers 16, acts to move said pairs of legs 4 and 16 eachin the direction the reverse of that in which the chamber 2 moves it.

The fluid-pressure may be supplied from any suitable source and in anyappropriate way. In the cases illustrated there is fixed on the top ofthe body 1 a soft-rubber gasholder 22, having an inlet or valve 23,whereby the holder may be distended by blowing through the valve. Thesaid valve forms a seal to prevent the escape of the air or gas. Unlessit is held against motion the engine begins to work as soon as thepressure in the holder 22 is sufliciently great. Assuming that theholder 22 is blown up to about the practical limit of pressure thereinand that the toy is resting on its four feet on a suitable surface, theoperation is as follows:

Owing to the nature of the toggle means shown, the compressors 10 arenormally at one or the other extreme of their motion, thus leaving openthe inlet and closing the exhaust of one of the expansion-chambers andclosing the inlet and leaving open the exhaust of the otherexpansion-chamber, Figs. 1 and 3. The fluid therefore passes to thechamber whose inlet is open and causes the same to operate the lever 4and through the link 19 the levers or legs 16. As soon as lever 4carries the point 14 beyond the line joining the axis of the compressorsand the notch 15 the spring member of the toggle, which is put undergreater tension by the movement of the lever 4 up to that point, throwsthe compressors, and thereby reverses the opening and closing of inletand exhaust, whereupon pressure is admitted to the chamber which waspreviously in the exhausted condition and the chamber'just expanded isexhausted, exhaustion in each case meaning reduction of pressure to thatof the atmosphere. The exhaust through the holes 9 in the soft rubbercauses a squealing at every exhaust. Both the stepby-step motion and thesquealing continue until the pressure in the reservoir is reduced tosuch an extent that it will no longer overcome the resistance.

While I have illustrated the embodiment of my invention hitherto used, Ido not limit myself either to the use of the invention in mechanicaltoys or to the precise forms thereof shown in the drawings and abovedescribed, since there are other uses and other embodiments of theinvention coming within the scope of my claims; nor do I limit myself tothe particular form or location of the reservoir illustrated in thedrawings and above described, for the energy may be stored wholly in thegas employed instead of partly in the gas, but mostly in the elasticreservoir shown, without departing from my invention. It will beobserved also that the lever 4 is merely a particular instance of a parthaving a reciprocatory motion which is operated medi ately orimmediately, an expansion chamber or chambers, and that partsreciprocating in some other manner may be substituted therefor withoutdeparting from my invention; nor

IIO

is it essential to the mechanical toy that more than one pair of legs becapable of moving to and fro. i

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

1. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same, alever-actuating expansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust for said chamber,means for controlling the opening and closing of said inlet and exhaust,and spring-toggle means operatedby said lever and actuating saidcontrolling means.

2. The combination of a body or frame, a lever-actuatingexpansion-chamber, a .lever actuated thereby, inlet and exhaust for saidchamber, said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressorsfor. said compressible walls, and means operated by said lever foractuating said compressors.

3. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same, alever-actuating expansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust for said chamber,said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressors for saidcompressiblewalls, and spring-toggle means operated by said lever andactuating said compressors.

4. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same,two lever-actuating expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust for saidchambers, means for controllingthe opening and closing of said inlet andexhaust, and spring-toggle means operated by said lever and actuatingsaid controlling means.

5. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on thesame, twolever-actuating expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust for said chambers,said inlet and exhaust having compressible .walls, compressors for saidcompressible walls, and means, operated by said lever, for actuatingsaid compressors.

6. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same,two lever-actnating expansiouchambers, inlet and exhaust for saidchambers, said inletand exhaust having compressible walls, compressorsfor said compressible walls, and spring-toggle means, operated by saidlever, for actuating said compressors.

7. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same, alevenactuating expansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust for said chamber,spring-toggle means having substantially the same axisof motion as saidlever for one of its members and the other member of which is connectedwith an extension of said lever, and means, operated by said togglemeans, for opening and closing said inlet and exhaust. i

8. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same, alever-actuating expansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust for said chamber,said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressors therefor,and spring-toggle means for. actuating said compressors and one memberthereof having substantially the sameaxis ofmotion as said 16'.

ver and the other member thereof being connected with and operated bysaid lever.

9. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same,two lever-actuating expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust for saidchambers, spring-toggle means ofie member of which has substantially thesame axis of motion as said lever and the other member of which isconnected with said lever, and means, operated by said toggle means, foropening and closing said inlet and exhaust.

10. The combination of a body or frame, a lever fulcrumed on the same,lever-actuating expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust for said chambers,said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressors therefor,and spring-toggle means for actuating said compressors, one member ofsaid toggle means having substantially the same axis of motion as saidlever and the other member thereof being connected with said lever.

11. The combination of a body, a lever fu1-.

crumed thereon between its ends, lever-actuating expansion-chambers, onefor each side of said lever, inlet and exhaust for said chambers,spring-toggle means connected to and operated by said lever, and means,operated by said toggle means, for opening and closing said inlet andexhaust.

12. The combination of a body, a level-fulcrumed between its endsthereon, lever-actuating expansion-chambers, one for each side of saidlever, inlet and exhaustfor said chambers, said inlet and exhaust havingcom pressible Walls, compressors therefor, and springtoggle means foractuating said compressors and connected with and operated by saidlever.

13. The combinationofan expansion-chamber, a lever operated thereby,inlet and exhaustfor said chamber, a tumbler for controlling the openingand closing of said inlet and exhaust, and a spring-toggle connected tosaid leverand actuating said tumbler.

14. The combination ofan expansion-chamber, a lever operated thereby,inlet and exhaust for said chamber, said inlet and exhaust havingcompressible walls, compressors therefor, said compressors having substantially the same axis of motion as said lever, and a spring-toggleconnected to and operating said compressors and itself operated by saidlever.

15. The combinationofan expansion-chamher, a lever operated thereby,inlet and exhaust for said chamber, said inlet and exhaust havingcompressible walls, a tumbler for controlling the opening and closing ofsaid inlet and exhaust, said tumbler having substantially the same axisof motion as said lever, and a spring-toggle connected to said lever andactuating said tumbler.

16. The combination ofexpansion-chambers,a lever moved in reversedirections thereby, inlet and exhaustfor said chambers,a tumblercontrolling the opening and closing of said inlet and exhaust, andspring-toggle means connected to said lever and actuating said tumbler.

17. The combination of expansion-chambers,a lever moved in reversedirections there by, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, said inlet andexhaust having compressible walls, tumbling compressors for said walls,and spring-toggle means connected to said lever and actuating saidcompressors.

18. The combination of a body, two pairs of levers or legs pivotedthereto, connection between said pairs to cause them to move in reversedirections, an expansion-chamber for operating one of said pairs of legsor levers, and means for moving said pairs of levers or legs reverselyof the directions in which said chamber moves them.

19. The combination of a body, pairs of levers or legs pivoted thereto,connections for causing said pairs to move reversely to each other, twoexpansion-chambers for moving said pairs of levers in reversedirections, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, and means operated bycertain of said levers or legs for controlling said inlet and exhaust.

20. The combination of a body, pairs of levers or legs pivoted thereto,connections between said pairs to cause them to move in reversedirections, expansion chambers for moving said levers or legs in reversedirections, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, tumbler for controllingthe opening and closing of said inlet and exhaust, and springtogglemeans operated by certain of said levers or legs and actuating saidtumbler.

21. The combination of a body, pairs of levers or legs pivoted thereto,connections between said pairs for causing them to move in reversedirections, expansion -chambers for operating said pairs of levers orlegs, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, said inlet and exhaust havingcompressible walls, compressors therefor, and means, operated by certainof said levers or legs, for actuating said compressors.

22. The combination of a body, pairs of le vers or legs pivoted thereto,connections between said pairs for causing them to move in reversedirections, expansion-chambers for operating said pairs of levers orlegs, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, said inlet and exhaust havingcompressible walls, compressors therefor, and spring-toggle meansoperated by certain of said levers or legs and actuating saidcompressors.

23. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon, anexpansion-chamber on said body, pairs of levers or legs pivoted on saidbody and connected together to move in reverse directions, and moved bysaid chamber, inlet and exhaust forsaid chamber, means connected to andoperated by certain of said levers or legs for controlling said inletand exhaust, and means for moving said pairs of levers or legs reverselyof the directions in which said chamber moves them.

24:. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon, anexpansion-chamber also thereon, pairs of levers or legs connectedtogether to move in reverse directions and pivoted on said body, saidchamber moving said pairs each in one direction,inletand exhaust forsaid chamber, a tumbler for controlling the opening and closing of saidinlet and exhaust, spring-toggle means operated by certain of saidlevers or legs and actuating said tumbler, and means for moving saidlevers or legs reversely of the directions in which said chamber movesthem.

25. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon, anexpansion-chamber also thereon, pairs of levers or legs connected tomove in reverse directions and pivoted on said body, said chamber movingsaid pairs each in one direction, inlet and exhaust for said chamber,said inlet and exhaust having compressible Walls, compressors therefor,spring-toggle means operated by certain of said levers or legs andactuating said compressors, and means for moving said pairs of levers orlegs reversely of the directions in which said chamber moves them. v

26. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon,expansion-chambers also thereon, connected pivoted levers or legsoperated by said chambers, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, andmeans operated by certain of said levers or legs for controlling theopening and closing of said inlet and exhaust.

27. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon,expansion-chambers also thereon, connected pivoted levers or legs alsothereon and operated by said chambers, inlet and exhaust for saidchambers, tumblers for controlling the opening and closing of said inletand exhaust, and spring-toggle means connected to and operated bycertain of said levers or legs and actuating said tumblers.

28. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon,expansion-chambers also thereon, connected pivoted levers or legs alsothereon and operated by said chambers, inlet and exhaust for saidchambers, said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressorsfor said walls, and springtoggle means, connected to and operated bycertain of said levers or legs, for actuating said compressors.

29. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon,expansion-chambers also thereon, connected levers or legs mounted onsaid body and operated by said chambers, inlet and exhaust for saidchambers, said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressorstherefor,and spring-toggle means having one member rigidly connectedwith said compressors and the other member connected to certain of saidlevers or legs.

30. Thecombinationofanexpansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust therefor,said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, compressors therefor,a reciprocatory part operated by said chamber, and means whereby saidreciprocatory part operates-said compressors.

31. The combination of an expansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust therefor,a rocking member for controlling the opening and closing of said inletand exhaust, a reciprocatory part operated by said chamber andaspringtoggle operated by said part and actuating said rocking member.

32. Thecombination ofanexpansion-chamber, inlet and exhaust therefor,said inlet and exhaust having compressiblewalls, rocking compressorstherefor, a reciprocatory part operated by said chamber, and aspring-toggle operated by said reciprocatory part and actuating saidcompressors.

The combination of expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust therefor, saidinlet and exhaust having compressible walls, rocking compressorstherefor, a reciprocatory part operated by said chambers, and meanswhereby said part operates said compressors.

34. The combination of expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust therefor,rocking members for controlling the opening and closing of said inletand exhaust, a reciprocatory part operated by said chambers, and aspring-toggle operated by said part and actuating said rocking members.

35. The combination of an expansionchamber, inlet and exhaust therefor,said inlet and exhaust having compressible walls, rocking compressorstherefor, a reciprocatory part operated by said chambers, and aspringtoggle operated by said part and actuating said compressors.

36. The combination of a body, an expansion-chamber thereon, pairs oflegs mounted on said body and at least one of said pairs of legs beingcapable of moving to and fro, means whereby said chamber operates saidmovable pair of legs, inlet and exhaust for said chamber, rockingmembers for controlling the opening and closing of said inlet andexhaust, and means whereby said movable legs operate said rockingmembers.

37. The combination of a body, expansionchambers thereon, pairs of legsmounted on said body, atleast one ofsaid pairs of legs being movabletoan fro, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, rocking membersforcontrolling the opening and closing of said inlet and exhaust,andtmeans whereby said movable legs operate said rocking members.

38. The combination of a body, expansionchambers thereon, pairs of legsmountedon said body, at least one of said pairs being movable to andfro, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, said inlet and exhaust havingcompressible walls, compressors therefor, and means whereby said movablelegs operate said compressors.

39. The combination of a body, expansionchambers thereon, pairs of legsmounted on said body, at least one pair thereof being movable to andfro, inlet and exhaust. for said chambers, said inlet and exhaust havingcompressible walls, rocking compressors therefor, and a spring-toggleoperated by said movable legs and actuating'said compressors.

40. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon,expansion-chambers, inlet and exhaust therefor, pairsof legs mounted onsaid bodyand at least one pair thereof being movable to and fro, rockingmembers for controlling the opening and closing of said inlet andexhaust, and means whereby said movable legs operate said rockingmembers.

4.1. The combination of a body, expansionchambers thereon, an elasticgas-holder also thereon, inlet and exhaust for said chambers, said inletand exhaust having compressible walls, rocking compressors therefor, and

means whereby said movable legs operate said rocking compressors.

42. The combination of a body, an elastic gas-holder thereon, pairs oflegs mounted thereon, one pair at least being movable,expansion-chambers also thereon, inlet and exhaust for said chambers,said inlet and exhaust having compressible Walls, rocking too

